Title

The title should be concise, informative, specific and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript.

Author information

Provide the following information for each author:

• Full name of each author
• Institutional affiliation
• Department or research unit, where applicable
• City and country
• ORCID, where available

The corresponding author should be clearly identified and their email address provided.

Abstract

• The abstract should not exceed 250 words.
• The abstract should provide a concise summary of the study, including the principal objective, methodology, major findings and conclusion.
• Avoid citations, unexplained abbreviations and references to tables or figures in the abstract.

Keywords

Provide 4-6 keywords that accurately represent the major concepts, organisms, methods or subject areas covered in the manuscript. Avoid repeating words already used unnecessarily in the title.

Main text

Introduction

The Introduction should provide the relevant scientific background, establish the research context, identify the knowledge gap or problem being addressed and clearly state the aim, objectives, research question or hypothesis of the study.

Methodology

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be understood, evaluated and reproduced. This section should include, where applicable:

• Study area and sampling design.
• Materials, organisms or study populations.
• Experimental procedures.
• Field and laboratory methods.
• Instruments and analytical techniques.
• Statistical methods.
• Software used for analysis.
• Ethical approvals and permissions, where applicable.

Previously established methods may be appropriately cited rather than described in unnecessary detail, while any modifications should be clearly stated.

Results

• Present the findings objectively and logically. Results should be supported by appropriate statistical analyses, tables and figures where necessary.
• Avoid duplicating the same information extensively in both the text and tables or figures. Interpretive discussion should generally be reserved for the Discussion.

Discussion

• Interpret the findings in relation to the research objectives and existing scientific literature.
• The Discussion should demonstrate the scientific significance and broader relevance of the findings rather than simply repeating the Results.

Conclusion

Provide a concise statement of the principal findings and their significance. Where appropriate, indicate the implications of the study, potential applications, recommendations or future research directions.

Author contributions

Clearly state the contribution of each author to the research and preparation of the manuscript.

Funding

Provide details of all financial support received for the research or publication.

Conflict of interest

Authors should disclose any financial, professional or personal relationships that could influence or be perceived to influence the research. If there are no conflicts, this should be clearly stated.

Ethical approval

Provide details of relevant institutional or regulatory ethical approval for studies involving humans, animals or other regulated research materials.

Informed consent

Include an appropriate statement where informed consent was required.

Data availability

State where supporting datasets, code or other research materials can be accessed, where applicable.

Acknowledgements

Recognize individuals, institutions, technical staff or organizations that contributed to the work but do not meet authorship criteria.

References

References should be relevant, current and directly related to the work presented. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of all references.

• Every reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every reference listed must be cited in the manuscript.
• References should be arranged and formatted consistently according to the journal's prescribed reference style.
• Where available, authors are encouraged to provide DOI information for cited publications.
• Authors should ensure that all URLs and online sources cited in the manuscript are accessible and appropriately identified.

Format of citation in text

• Kumar et al., 2013 or Balkrishna et al., (2022)
• Negi and Dave, (2010)
• Kumar, 2025

Reference style

Review & research papers

1. Kumar S, Behera SP and Jena PK. (2013). Validation of tribal claims on Dioscorea pentaphylla through phytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Plant Science Research. 35(1&2): 55-61.
2. Negi BS and Dave BP. (2010). In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Acacia catechu and its phytochemical analysis. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 50(4): 369-374.
3. Kumar S. (2025). Data collection from literature for biological sciences, medicinal plants research, ethnobotany, and pharmacology: a methodological overview. Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 9(2): 167-169.
4. Balkrishna A, Sakshi, Chauhan M, Dabas A and Arya V. (2022). A comprehensive insight into the phytochemical, pharmacological potential, and traditional medicinal uses of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022: 5359669. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5359669

Books

• Saxena HO and Brahmam M. (1994-1996). The Flora of Orissa, Vol. I-IV. Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar and Orissa Forest Development Corporation Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Book chapter

• Nair PKR, Kumar BM and Nair VD. (2022). Multipurpose Trees (MPTs) and other agroforestry species. In: Nair PKR, Kumar BM and Nair VD (Eds.). An Introduction to Agroforestry, Second Edition. Springer Nature, Switzerland, Europe.

Thesis & dissertation

• Devi RS. (2025). Evaluation of ethnopharmacological values of selected plants of Loktak lake, Manipur [PhD Thesis]. Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.

Reports

• Forest Survey of India. (2022). Forest Fire Monitoring and Assessment. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

Conference proceedings

• Singh PK and Verma AK. (2021). Traditional Knowledge of Northeast India. In: APRF-sponsored National Seminar on Ethnobotany. 7-8 January, 2021. Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, Odisha, India.

Tables & figures

Tables and figures should be used to present important information clearly and efficiently. They should complement, rather than unnecessarily duplicate, the information provided in the main text.

Tables

• Number tables consecutively as Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.
• Each table should have a concise and informative title.
• Tables should be cited in the text in numerical order.
• Define abbreviations, symbols, statistical indicators and unusual terms in table footnotes.
• Units of measurement should be clearly indicated.
• Avoid unnecessary vertical lines and excessive formatting.
• Tables should be editable whenever possible and should not be submitted solely as images.

Figures

• Number figures consecutively as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.
• Each figure should be cited in the text.
• Provide a clear and descriptive figure legend for every figure.
• Images, graphs, maps, diagrams and photographs should be of sufficient quality for publication.
• Submit figures in an appropriate high-resolution format, preferably JPEG or PNG at a minimum of 300 dpi, unless otherwise specified.
• Text, labels, symbols and scale bars should remain legible at publication size.
• Previously published figures or images should be accompanied by appropriate permission and attribution where required.